ozi

Ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke antenna

Ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke antenna bụ na mmiri dị elu na-eme ka ọkụ eletrik na magnetik na-agbanwe gburugburu ya.Dị ka echiche Maxwell nke ikuku electromagnetic si kwuo, "ọkụ eletrik na-agbanwe na-emepụta oghere magnetik, na ebe magnet na-agbanwe na-emepụta ebe eletriki".Ka mkpali ahụ na-aga n'ihu, a na-enweta mgbasa ozi ikuku ikuku.

Nweta ọnụọgụgụ

A na-akpọ oke mkpokọta ike ntinye nke antenna ahụ oke uru ọnụọgụ nke antenna.Ọ bụ ngosipụta zuru oke nke iji antenna arụ ọrụ nke mkpokọta ike RF karịa ọnụọgụ ntụzịaka nke antenna.Ma gosipụta ya na decibels.Enwere ike igosi na mgbakọ na mwepụ na oke uru ọnụọgụ antenna hà nhata ngwaahịa nke ọnụọgụ ntụzịaka antenna na arụmọrụ antenna.

Ịrụ ọrụ nke antenna

Ọ bụ oke nke ike nke antenna na-agbasa (ya bụ, ike na-agbanwe akụkụ nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic) na ntinye ike na-arụ ọrụ na antenna.Ọ na-adịkarị obere karịa 1.

Antenna polarization ife

Electromagnetic wave na-ejegharị na mbara igwe, ọ bụrụ na ntụzịaka nke vector dị n'okirikiri eletrik na-anọgide na-eguzo ma ọ bụ na-atụgharị dịka iwu ụfọdụ siri dị, a na-akpọ nke a polarization wave, nke a makwaara dị ka antenna polarization wave, ma ọ bụ polarized wave.Enwere ike kewaakarị n'ime polarization ụgbọ elu (gụnyere polarization kwụ ọtọ na vetikal polarization), polarization okirikiri na elliptik polarization.

Ntuziaka polarization

A na-akpọ ntụzịaka nke ebe ọkụ eletrik nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic polarized ntụzịaka polarization.

Elu polarization

A na-akpọ ụgbọ elu nke a na-eme site na ntụzịaka polarization na ntụgharị mgbasa nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic polarized.

Polarization kwụ ọtọ

Polarization nke ebili mmiri redio, na-ejikarị ụwa dị ka ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ.The polarization wave nke elu polarization ya na mbara ala nkịtị ụgbọ elu ( vetikal ụgbọelu) ka a na-akpọ vetikal polarization wave.Ntuziaka nke ọkụ eletrik ya na-adabere na ụwa.

Ọkpụkpụ kwụ ọtọ

A na-akpọ ebili mmiri polarization nke na-adakarị n'elu ụwa nkịtị.Ntụziaka nke ọkụ eletrik ya na ụwa.

Ụgbọ elu nke polarization

Ọ bụrụ na ntụzịaka polarization nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic na-anọgide na ntụzịaka a kapịrị ọnụ, a na-akpọ ya polarization ụgbọ elu, nke a makwaara dị ka polarization linear.Enwere ike nweta polarization ụgbọ elu n'ime ihe ndị dị n'ọkụ eletrik dị ka ụwa (akụkụ kwụ ọtọ) na n'akụkụ elu nke ụwa, nke njupụta nke oghere ya nwere oke oke.Ma vertical na kehoraizin polarization bụ ihe pụrụ iche nke ụgbọ elu polarization.

polarization okirikiri

Mgbe akụkụ dị n'etiti ụgbọ elu polarization na geodetic nkịtị ụgbọ elu nke ebili mmiri redio na-agbanwe site na 0 ruo 360 ° kwa oge, ya bụ, nha eletrik adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, ntụziaka na-agbanwe ka oge na-aga, na trajectory nke njedebe nke vector mpaghara eletrik. a na-atụpụta ya dị ka okirikiri na ụgbọ elu perpendicular na ntụzịaka mgbasa, a na-akpọ ya polarization okirikiri.Enwere ike nweta polarization okirikiri mgbe akụkụ kehoraizin na vetikal nke mpaghara eletrik nwere nha nha nha nha nha yana ọdịiche nke 90° ma ọ bụ 270°.okirikiri polarization, ma ọ bụrụ na polarization elu na-atụgharị na oge na-enwe ezi gburugburu ebe obibi mmekọrịta na electromagnetic ife propagation direction, a na-akpọ ya ziri ezi okirikiri polarization;N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ọ bụrụ na a ekpe gburugburu mmekọrịta, kwuru ekpe okirikiri polarization.

The elliptical polarized

Ọ bụrụ na akụkụ dị n'etiti ọdụ ụgbọ elu polarization redio na ụgbọ elu geodetic nkịtị na-agbanwe kwa oge site na 0 ruo 2π, na trajectory nke njedebe nke vector eletrik na-atụkwa anya dị ka ellipse na ụgbọ elu ahụ na-adabere na ntụzịaka mgbasa, a na-akpọ ya elliptical. polarization.Mgbe njupụta na akụkụ nke akụkụ kwụ ọtọ na kwụ ọtọ nke ọkụ eletrik nwere ụkpụrụ aka ike (ma e wezụga mgbe akụkụ abụọ ahụ hà nhata), enwere ike nweta elliptik polarization.

Ogologo ebili mmiri dị ogologo, eriri ebili mmiri nke ọkara

Ọ bụ okwu n'ozuzu maka ịnyefe ma ọ bụ ịnata antennas na-arụ ọrụ na eriri ebili mmiri ogologo na ọkara.Ebili mmiri dị ogologo na nke ọkara na-agbasa dị ka ebili mmiri nke ala na ebili mmiri nke mbara igwe, nke na-egosipụta mgbe niile n'etiti ionosphere na ụwa.Dika njiri mara mgbasa nke a si dị, antennas ebili mmiri ogologo na nke ọkara kwesịrị inwe ike iwepụta ebili mmiri kwụ ọtọ.N'ime antenna ebili mmiri ogologo na nke ọkara, a na-eji ụdị vetikal, ụdị L tụgharịa, ụdị T na nche anwụ ụdị vetikal ala ala.Ogologo ebili mmiri ogologo na nke ọkara kwesịrị inwe ezigbo netwọk ala.Enwere ọtụtụ nsogbu teknuzu n'ime eriri ebili mmiri ogologo na nke ọkara, dị ka obere ịdị elu dị mma, nguzogide radieshon dị ala, arụmọrụ dị ala, eriri ngafe dị warara na ọnụọgụ ntụzịaka obere.Iji dozie nsogbu ndị a, usoro antenna na-adịkarị mgbagwoju anya ma buru ibu.

antenna mkpirisi

Antenna na-ebufe ma ọ bụ na-anata na-arụ ọrụ na obere ebili mmiri ka a na-akpọkọta ọnụ antenna ebili mmiri dị mkpụmkpụ.A na-ebunye obere ebili mmiri site na ihu igwe nke ionosphere na-egosipụta ma bụrụ otu n'ime ụzọ dị mkpa nke nzikọrịta ozi redio dị anya nke oge a.Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke antenna mkpirisi, n'ime nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ antenna symmetric, antenna in-phase kwụ ọtọ, eriri abụọ na-efegharị efegharị, antenna angular, antenna V, antenna rhombus, eriri azụ azụ na ihe ndị ọzọ.E jiri ya tụnyere antenna ogologo ebili mmiri, antenna nke dị mkpụmkpụ nwere uru nke ịdị elu dị elu dị elu, nkwụsi ike radieshon dị elu, arụmọrụ dị elu, ntụziaka ka mma, uru dị elu na pasbọọdụ sara mbara.

Igwe ebili mmiri Ultrashort

Antenna na-ebufe na nke na-anata na-arụ ọrụ na ultrashort wave band ka a na-akpọ antenna wave ultrashort.Ebili mmiri Ultrashort na-agakarị site na ebili mmiri oghere.Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke ụdị antenna a, n'etiti nke antenna Yaki nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe, antenna conical efere, antenna conical okpukpu abụọ, "nku bat" TV na-ebufe antenna na ihe ndị ọzọ.

Antenna microwave

A na-akpọkwa antennas na-ebufe ma ọ bụ na-anata na-arụ ọrụ na ebili mmiri nke ebili mmiri mita, ebili mmiri decimeter, ebili mmiri centimita na ebili mmiri millimeter dị ka antenna microwave.Microwave na-adabere na mgbasa nke ebili mmiri ohere, ka iwelie anya nkwurịta okwu, a na-edozi antenna elu.N'ime antenna microwave, antenna paraboloid a na-ejikarị eme ihe, antenna paraboloid mpi, antenna mpi, oghere oghere, antenna slotted, antenna dielectric, periscope antenna na ndị ọzọ.

antenna ntụzịaka

Ntụziaka antenna bụ ụdị antenna na-ebunye ma na-anata ebili mmiri electromagnetic n'otu ụzọ ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ụzọ akọwapụtara nke ọma, ebe ọ na-ebufe ma na-anata ebili mmiri electromagnetic n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ bụ efu ma ọ bụ dị obere.Ebumnuche nke iji antenna na-ebugharị ntụzịaka bụ ịbawanye ojiji nke ike radieshon dị mma yana ịbawanye nzuzo.Ebumnuche bụ isi nke iji antenna na-anata ntụzịaka bụ ịbawanye ikike mgbochi nnyonye anya.

antenna na-abụghị ntụziaka

Antenna nke na-enwu ma ọ bụ na-anata ebili mmiri electromagnetic n'otu n'otu n'akụkụ niile ka a na-akpọ antenna na-abụghị ntụziaka, dị ka antenna ụtarị ejiri na obere igwe nkwurịta okwu, wdg.

Ogologo eriri ogologo

Antenn nke ntụzịaka ya, impedance na polarization Njirimara na-anọgide na-adịgide adịgide n'elu otu sara mbara ka a na-akpọ antenna wideband.Antenna wideband nke mbụ nwere antenna rhombus, antenna V, antennae ebili mmiri abụọ, antenna cone diski, wdg, antenna wideband ọhụrụ nwere antenna oge logarithmic, wdg.

Na-emegharị antenna

Antenna nwere ntụzịaka eburu ụzọ kpebie naanị na eriri ugboro dị warara ka a na-akpọ antenna elere anya ma ọ bụ antenna ntụzi aka emeziri.Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, ntụzịaka nke antenna a na-ege ntị na-anọgide na-adịgide adịgide naanị ihe ruru pasenti 5 nke band n'akụkụ oge nlegharị anya ya, ebe ugboro ndị ọzọ, ntụzịaka na-agbanwe nke ukwuu nke na-emebi nkwurịta okwu.Antenna agbaziri adịghị adabara maka nkwukọrịta obere ebili mmiri nwere ugboro na-agbanwe agbanwe.Otu antenna kwụ n'ahịrị, antenna apịaji na antenna zigzag bụ antenna niile na-ekiri.

Igwe kwụ ọtọ

Igwe kwụ ọtọ na-ezo aka na antenna etinyere perpendicular n'ala.O nwere ụdị asymmetric na asymmetric, na nke ikpeazụ na-ejikarị eme ihe.Antenna kwụ ọtọ na-enyekarị nri etiti.Antenna kwụ ọtọ asymmetric na-eri nri n'etiti ala nke antenna na ala, yana ntụzịaka radieshon ya kachasị na-elekwasị anya na ntụzịaka ala mgbe ịdị elu ya na-erughị 1/2 wavelength, yabụ ọ dabara maka mgbasa ozi.A na-akpọkwa antenna kwụ ọtọ asymmetrical antenna ala kwụ ọtọ.

Wunye antenna L

Antenna hibere site na ijikọ ụzọ kwụ ọtọ n'otu nsọtụ nke otu waya kwụ ọtọ.N'ihi ọdịdị ya dị ka mkpụrụedemede bekee L gbadoro ụkwụ, a na-akpọ ya antenna L tụgharịrị.γ nke akwụkwọ ozi Rọshịa bụ ntụgharị L nke mkpụrụedemede Bekee.Ya mere, γ ụdị antenna dị mma karịa.Ọ bụ ụdị antenna kwụ n'ala kwụ ọtọ.Iji mee ka arụmọrụ nke antenna dịkwuo mma, akụkụ ya nwere ike ịgụnye ọtụtụ wires ahaziri n'otu ụgbọ elu kwụ ọtọ, na radieshon nke akụkụ a na-emepụta nwere ike ileghara anya, ebe radieshon na-emepụta site na vetikal.A na-ejikarị antennas L tụgharịa maka nkwurịta okwu ogologo ebili mmiri.Uru ya bụ usoro dị mfe na nrụpụta dị mma;Ọdịmma bụ nnukwu akara ukwu, adịghị adịte aka.

T antenna

N'etiti waya kwụ ọtọ, a na-ejikọta ụzọ kwụ ọtọ, nke a na-eme ka mkpụrụedemede Bekee T, ya mere a na-akpọ ya T-antenna.Ọ bụ ụdị antenna kwụ n'ahịrị kwụ ọtọ.Akụkụ kehoraizin nke radieshon bụ ihe na-adịghị mma, a na-emepụta radieshon site na akụkụ kwụ ọtọ.Iji meziwanye arụmọrụ, akụkụ ahụ kwụ ọtọ nwekwara ike mejupụta ihe karịrị otu waya.Eriri T - nwere otu njirimara dị ka eriri L-atụgharị azụ.A na-ejikarị ya maka nkwurịta okwu ogologo ebili mmiri na ọkara.

Antenna nche anwụ

N'elu otu waya kwụ ọtọ, a na-eduga ọtụtụ ndị nduzi tilted n'akụkụ niile, nke mere na udi antenna dị ka nche anwụ mepere emepe, ya mere a na-akpọ ya antenna nche anwụ.Ọ bụkwa ụdị antenna kwụ n'ala kwụ ọtọ.Njiri mara ya na ojiji ya bụ otu ihe mgbanaka L-na nke T.

Antenna pịa

Erimeri whip bụ eriri mkpanaka kwụ ọtọ na-agbanwe, nke na-adịkarị 1/4 ma ọ bụ 1/2 wavelength n'ogologo.Ọtụtụ antenna ụtarị na-eji ụgbụ kama waya ala.Obere antenna ụtarị na-ejikarị shea igwe nke obere ụlọ ọrụ redio dị ka netwọk ala.Mgbe ụfọdụ, iji mee ka ịdị elu dị elu nke antenna ụtarị dị irè, enwere ike ịgbakwunye obere eriri okwu n'elu antenna ụtarị ma ọ bụ inductance nwere ike ịgbakwunye na njedebe etiti nke antenna ụtarị.Enwere ike iji antenna whip maka obere igwe nkwukọrịta, igwe nkata, redio ụgbọ ala, wdg.

antenna Symmetric

Enwere ike iji waya abụọ nke ogologo nha nhata, kwụsịrị n'etiti ma jikọọ na ndepụta, dị ka nnyefe na ịnweta antennas, a na-akpọ antenna dị otú ahụ antenna symmetric.N'ihi na a na-akpọ antenna mgbe ụfọdụ oscillators, a na-akpọkwa antennas symmetric oscillators, ma ọ bụ antenna dipole.A na-akpọ oscillator symmetric nke nwere ngụkọta ogologo nke ọkara ogologo ebili mmiri oscillator ọkara, nke a makwaara dị ka antenna dipole ọkara.Ọ bụ antenna elementrị kachasị na nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe.Ọ bụ ya mejupụtara ọtụtụ antennas dị mgbagwoju anya.Oscillator ọkara-ebili mmiri nwere usoro dị mfe yana nri dabara adaba.A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na nso nso a na nkwurịta okwu.

Antenna ọnụ

Ọ bụ eriri ntụzịaka obosara na-adịghị ike.Ọ bụ cylinder oghere nke ọtụtụ wires gbara ya gburugburu kama ịbụ otu ahụ ọkụ radieshon n'ime antenna symmetrical, n'ihi na ahụ radieshon nwere oghere n'ụdị, a na-akpọ ya antenna onu.Igwe eji arụ ọrụ nke antenna onu dị obosara ma dịkwa mfe ịmegharị.Ọ bụ adabara nso nso okporo osisi ahịrị nkwurịta okwu.

Igwe mpi

Sonyere ụdị antenna symmetrical, mana anaghị ahazi ogwe aka ya abụọ n'ahịrị kwụ ọtọ, na n'ime akụkụ 90 ma ọ bụ 120 Celsius, nke a na-akpọ antenna angular.Ụdị antenna a na-abụkarị ngwaọrụ kwụ ọtọ, ntụziaka ya adịghị mkpa.Iji nweta njirimara bandwit sara mbara, ogwe aka abụọ nke antenna angular nwekwara ike ịnabata nhazi ụlọ, nke a na-akpọ antenna cage angular.

Dakọtara na antenna

Ịgbado oscillators n'ime antenna symmetrical yiri ka a na-akpọ antenna mpịaji.Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke antenna agbanwere waya abụọ, eriri atọ agbanwere waya na ọtụtụ waya tụgharịrị.Mgbe ị na-ehulata, ugbu a na ebe kwekọrọ na ahịrị ọ bụla kwesịrị ịdị n'otu oge ahụ.Site n'ebe dị anya, antenna dum dị ka antenna symmetric.Mana atụnyere antenna symmetrical, radieshon nke antenna a gbanwere na-abawanye.Ihe mgbochi ntinye na-abawanye iji kwado njikọ ya na onye na-enye nri.Igwe apịaji apịaji bụ mpi a na-ege ntị nke nwere oge ọrụ dị warara.A na-eji ya n'ọtụtụ ebe na obere ebili mmiri na ultrashort wave band.

V antenna

Antenna nke nwere wires abụọ n'otu akụkụ n'akụkụ ibe ya n'ụdị mkpụrụedemede V. Enwere ike imeghe ma ọ bụ jikọọ ọnụ ya na nguzogide ha nhata njirimara nke antenna.Antenna nke nwere ụdị V bụ unidirectional na ntụzịaka mbufe kachasị dị na ụgbọ elu kwụ ọtọ n'akụkụ ahịrị Angle.Ọdịmma ya bụ obere arụmọrụ yana nnukwu akara ukwu.

Antenna Rhombic

Ọ bụ obosara band antenna.Ọ mejupụtara DIAMOND kwụ ọtọ n'elu ogidi anọ, otu n'ime diamond jikọtara ya na onye na-azụ ya n'akụkụ nnukwu akụkụ, nke ọzọ na-ejikọta ya na nkwụsị njedebe nke nhata njirimara nke antenna diamond.Ọ bụ unidirectional na ụgbọ elu kwụ ọtọ na-atụ aka na ntụzịaka nke nguzogide ọnụ.

Uru nke antenna rhombus bụ uru dị elu, ntụziaka siri ike, bandwit sara mbara, dị mfe ịtọlite ​​na ịnọgide na-enwe;Mwepu bụ nnukwu akara ukwu.Ka emechara antenna rhomboid, enwere ụdị atọ nke antenna rhomboid abụọ, zaghachi antenna rhomboid na mpịachi antenna rhomboid.A na-ejikarị antenna Rhombus eme ihe n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-ebu ibu na nke dị mkpụmkpụ.

Eriri cone efere

Ọ bụ eriri ebili mmiri ultrashort.N'elu bụ diski (ahụ radieshon), nke a na-eri nri site na ahịrị isi nke eriri coaxial, na ala bụ cone, jikọtara ya na onye na-eduzi mpụta nke eriri coaxial.Mmetụta nke cone yiri nke ala na-enweghị njedebe.Ịgbanwe akụkụ tilt nke cone nwere ike ịgbanwe ntụzịaka radieshon kacha nke antenna.Ọ nwere eriri ugboro obosara nke ukwuu.